Daytime average of solar irradiance reaching at the surface was ranged from about 400 W/sq m on a rainy day to about 640 W/sq m on a cloud-free day. The diurnal air temperature was fluctuating around 28.6 C to within a few degrees. During 27 June - 23 July, about 25 days of data were acquired under partially cloudy sky conditions. These radiometers were set up on a mobile platform and a solar tracker. The instruments include several solar and infrared broadband radiometers, a sunphotometer, a shadow-band radiometer, a micro-pulse lidar, a total-sky imager, a microwave radiometer, and two solar spectrometers. We deployed a suite of ground- based remote sensing instruments - SMART (Surface Measurements for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer), at the Roosevelt Road Naval Station in Puerto Rico during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE). SMART Ground- based Radiation Measurements during PRIDE Owing to their small size and autonomous function, we envision that large numbers of such smart dust biosensors could be inserted into organisms or distributed into the environment for remote sensing. The transport step replaces the wash step in traditional double-antibody sandwich assays. Here, we report a hybrid microdevice that is powered by ATP and relies on antibody-functionalized microtubules and kinesin motors to transport the target analyte into a detection region. The principal challenge in designing smart dust biosensors is integrating transport functions with energy supply into the device. The term ' smart dust' originally referred to cubic-millimetre wireless semiconducting sensor devices that could invisibly monitor the environment in buildings and public spaces, but later it also came to include functional micrometre-sized porous silicon particles used to monitor yet smaller environments. A smart dust biosensor powered by kinesin motors.įischer, Thorsten Agarwal, Ashutosh Hess, Henryīiosensors can be miniaturized by either injecting smaller volumes into micro- and nanofluidic devices or immersing increasingly sophisticated particles known as ' smart dust' into the sample.
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